Several prominent scholars who were interviewed in a bitterly contested
documentary that suggests that Jesus and his family members were buried
in a nondescript ancient Jerusalem burial cave have now revised their
conclusions, including the statistician who claimed that the odds were
600:1 in favor of the tomb being the family burial cave of Jesus of
Nazareth, a new study on the fallout from the popular documentary
shows.
The dramatic clarifications, compiled by epigrapher Stephen Pfann of
the University of the Holy Land in Jerusalem in a paper titled "Cracks
in the Foundation: How the Lost Tomb of Jesus story is losing its
scholarly support," come two months after the screening of The Lost
Tomb of Christ that attracted widespread public interest, despite the
concomitant scholarly ridicule.
The film, made by Oscar-winning director James Cameron and Emmy-winning
Canadian filmmaker Simcha Jacobovici, prompted major criticism from
both a leading Israeli archeologist involved in the original dig at the
site as well as Christian leaders, who were angered over the
documentary's contradictions of main tenets of Christianity.
But now, even some of the scholars who were interviewed for and appeared in the film are questioning some of its basic claims.
The most startling change of opinion featured in the 16-page paper is
that of University of Toronto statistician Professor Andrey
Feuerverger, who stated those 600 to one odds in the film. Feuerverger
now says that these referred to the probability of a cluster of such
names appearing together.
Pfann's paper reported that a statement on the Discovery Channel's Web
site, which previously read "a statistical study commissioned by the
broadcasters...concludes that the probability factor is 600 to 1 in
favor of this being the tomb of Jesus of Nazareth and his family," in
keeping with Feuerverger's statement, has been altered and now reads,
"a statistical study commissioned by the broadcasters... concludes that
the probability factor is in the order of 600 to 1 that an equally
'surprising' cluster of names would arise purely by chance under given
assumptions."
Another sentence on the same Web site stating that Feuerverger had
concluded it was highly probable that the tomb, located in the
southeastern residential Jerusalem neighborhood of Talpiot, was the
Jesus family tomb - the central point of the film - has also been
changed. It now reads: "It is unlikely that an equally surprising
cluster of names would have arisen by chance under purely random
sampling."
Israeli archeologists have said that the similarity of the names found
inscribed on the ossuaries in the cave to the members of Jesus' family
was coincidental, since many of those names were commonplace in the
first century CE.
The film argues that 10 ancient ossuaries - burial boxes used to store
bones - that were discovered in Talpiot in 1980 contained the bones of
Jesus and his family. The filmmakers attempt to explain some of the
inscriptions on the ossuaries by suggesting that Jesus was married to
Mary Magdalene, and that the couple had a son, Judah.
One of the ossuaries bears an inscription reading "Yeshua son of
Yehosef" or "Jesus son of Joseph;" a second reads "Mary;" a third is a
Greek inscription apparently read by one scholar as "Mary Magdalene;"
while a fourth bears the inscription, "Judah, son of Jesus." The
inscriptions are in Hebrew or Aramaic, except for the one in Greek.
But Shimon Gibson, who was part of the team that excavated the tomb two
and half decades ago and who appeared in the film, is quoted in Pfann's
report as saying he doubted the site was the tomb of Jesus and his
family.
"Personally, I'm skeptical that this is the tomb of Jesus and I made
this point very clear to the filmmakers," Gibson is quoted as saying.
"We need much more evidence before we can say that the Talpiot tomb might be the family tomb of Jesus," he added.
In the film, renowned epigrapher Prof. Frank Moore Cross, professor
emeritus of Hebrew and oriental languages at Harvard University, is
seen reading one of the ossuaries and stating that he has "no real
doubt" that it reads "Jesus son of Joseph." But according to Pfann,
Cross said in an e-mail that he was skeptical about the film's claims,
not because of a misreading of the ossuary, but because of the ubiquity
of Biblical names in that period in Jerusalem.
"It has been reckoned that 25 percent of feminine names in this period
were Maria/Miriam, etc. - that is, variants of 'Mary.' So the cited
statistics are unpersuasive. You know the saying: lies, damned lies,
and statistics," Cross is quoted as saying.
The paper also notes that DNA scientist Dr. Carney Matheson, who
supervised DNA testing carried out for the film from the supposed Jesus
and Mary Magdalene ossuaries, and who said in the documentary that
"these two individuals, if they were unrelated, would most likely be
husband and wife," later said that "the only conclusions we made were
that these two sets were not maternally related. To me, it sounds like
absolutely nothing."
Furthermore, Pfann also says that a specialist in ancient apocryphal
text, Professor Francois Bovon, who is quoted in the film as saying the
enigmatic ossuary inscription "Mariamne" is the same woman known as
Mary Magdalene - one of the filmmakers' critical arguments - issued a
disclaimer stating that he did not believe that "Mariamne" stood for
Mary of Magdalene at all.
Pfann has already argued that the controversial inscription does not read "Mariamne" at all.
The burial site, which has been contested from the start by scholars
and church officials alike, is some distance from the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre in the Old City, where many Christians believe Jesus'
body lay for three days after he was crucified.
According to the New Testament, Jesus rose from the dead on the third
day after his crucifixion, and an ossuary containing Jesus' bones -
the explanations of the movie director notwithstanding - would
contradict the core Christian belief that he was resurrected and then
ascended to heaven.
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